Building Materials and Composites Stories
How Tree Rings Impact Strength
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 33.9 billion board feet of softwood lumber was produced in the U.S. in 2017, the latest year data is available. More than 50% of that is southern yellow pine, also known as southern pine. The strength and quality of southern pine lumber are essential to keep the nation's forest products industry thriving. That's why FWRC researchers seek to understand southern pine characteristics that impact strength and quality. Slow growing, older trees often have many rings closer together while younger, faster growing trees have fewer rings that are farther apart.
Dr. Frederico Franca, assistant professor in the Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, and Dr. Nathan Irby, former doctoral student, sought to evaluate whether growing characteristics such as how Rings per Inch (RPI) affect strength. The team evaluated the RPIs and specific gravity of 471 two-by-eight and 306 two-by-ten pieces of dimension lumber. They found an average of four or more rings per inch. Franca said that the big picture goal of the work is to maintain the value of southern yellow pine while finding the intersection between optimal economic productivity and mechanical properties. This research was funded by USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, Timber Products Inspection, the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Lab, and the Forest and Wildlife Research Center.
Collaborators include Drs. Michael Barnes, Daniel Seale, Rubin Shmulsky, and Edward Entsminger.
2022
Sustainable Bioproducts Doctoral Student Passionate about Wood Science Research
Graduate student Lon Yeary has been interested in wood science since childhood, spending time with his father in the USDA Forest Products Lab in Madison, Wisconsin. After receiving his B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-Platteville in 2018, he took the advice of his advisor, Dr. Bob Ross, and is now pursuing a sustainable bioproducts doctorate and non-thesis civil engineering master's at Mississippi State. Yeary has conducted three projects for his degree programs. One was a study of a light frame wood truss roof collapse of a 50-year-old building, which was published in Wood and Fiber Science in 2021. Another project focused on developing a two-way support system for CLT building connections that resists both sheer and uplift.
The third project examined reinforcing steel fasteners in wood laminates to avoid stress-induced failure of the wood. Yeary's main goal as a graduate student was to improve wood structures while also educating people about the value of them.
2021
Opening an Envelope
FWRC researchers are studying long-term durability of treated and untreated cross-laminated timber, or CLT, walls. Despite building codes requiring preservative treatments for wood with ground contact, little to no research has been done to test the long-term durability of treated or untreated cross-laminated timber walls. Dr. Hyungsuk “Thomas” Lim, an assistant professor in the Department of Sustainable Bioproducts and researcher in the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, has been working to fill that research gap. Because it is wood, CLT can be a more affordable alternative to masonry, concrete, or steel in the construction of larger buildings. In addition to be a more cost-effective alternative, the use of CLT reduces the carbon footprint of construction while simultaneously contributing to the forestry industry.
“The project is about developing building technology and figuring out the best ways to install these renewable products so that the structure has maximized durability,” Lim said. “CLT is being used in residential, industrial, educational, and civic buildings, as well as many other types of structures. Maximizing the durability of CLT could help expand its applications in the building and construction industry of the Southeast.” This research is funded by the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, with materials provided by Shuqualak Lumber and Henkel Corporation.